Keyhole clipping of a low-lying basilar apex aneurysm without posterior clinoidectomy utilizing endoscopic indocyanine green video angiography

Abstract

Background: Basilar apex (BX) aneurysms are surgically challenging due to their anatomic location, need to traverse neurovascular structures, and proximity to multiple perforator arteries. Surgical approaches often require extensive bone resection and neurovascular manipulation. Visualization of low-lying BX aneurysms is typically obscured by the posterior clinoid and upper clivus and poses a unique challenge. Subtemporal or anterolateral approaches with a posterior clinoidectomy are often required to achieve adequate exposure, though these maneuvers can add invasiveness, risk, and morbidity to the procedure. Endoscopes and, more recently, fluoroscopic angiography capable endoscopes offer the possibility of providing improved visualization with less exposure allowing for minimally invasive clipping. Case Description: We present the case of a 42-year-old female with incidentally found 5 mm middle cerebral artery and 5 mm BX aneurysms. She underwent a minimally invasive supraorbital keyhole craniotomy for the clipping of both aneurysms. While the posterior clinoid obstructed the necessary visualization for the BX aneurysm, use of endoscopy and endoscopic fluoroscopic angiography allowed for safe and successful clipping without the need for a posterior clinoidectomy. Conclusion: This represents the first reported case of a BX aneurysm clipping through a minimally invasive keyhole craniotomy using endoscopic indocyanine green video angiography. Use of endoscopic indocyanine green angiography, combined with keyhole endoscopic approaches, allows for safe minimally invasive clipping of challenging posterior circulation aneurysms.