A comparative study on clinical features and COVID-19 severity in pediatric patients and adults

Abstract

Introduction Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged as a global threat affecting diverse populations. While the severity of the disease is often associated with comorbidities and inflammation, pediatric patients generally experience a milder course. Limited studies exist regarding the factors influencing acute COVID-19 severity in pediatric patients compared to the elderly. This review aims to bridge this knowledge gap by investigating clinical presentations and potential factors contributing to severity, providing valuable insights into the relationship between age and disease outcomes. Methods Our study encompassed diverse settings, including hospitals and communities, with a focus on children and adults. We conducted a comprehensive literature review, analyzing PCR and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases. The primary purpose was to elucidate demographic and clinical features, shedding light on the prevalence of symptoms and signs in pediatric patients. Results The results demonstrate a reduced prevalence of COVID-19 in hospitalized children as compared to adults, that are consistent with the generally milder clinical trajectory observed in pediatric cases. The study identifies factors contributing to severity in different age groups, emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of COVID-19 manifestations. Conclusion This literature review enhances our comprehension of COVID-19 across age groups, emphasizing the milder nature of the disease in pediatric patients. By uncovering factors influencing severity, this work contributes valuable knowledge for effective patient management, especially in older age groups where the risk is higher. The distinctive ability of younger individuals to combat the virus underscores the importance of tailored strategies for diverse age demographics in addressing this global health crisis.