Prevalence and risk factors for chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) among industrial workers

Abstract

Objectives Industrial workers are facing an occurrence of high risk factors. Exploring the frequency of CKDu and associated risk factors in industrial workers is needed. This study examined the CKDu prevalence and associated risk factors in industrial workers. Design: Cross section study. Material and Methods We enrolled 134 (83 male and 41 female) industrial workers. Modifying diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation was used to determine the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The CKDu stages 1–5 were assessed using Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KIDGO) guidelines. Results The mean eGFR was reported to be 99.2 for male workers and 85.2 ml/min per 1.73 m2 for female workers. The average eGFR among male workers was higher than female workers. 43.3% of workers had normal eGFR (> 90), while 52.2% of workers had a mild reduction (89–60), and 4.5% of workers had a moderate loss (59–45). No cases of severe loss and kidney failure (< 15) were noted. CKDu stage 2 was significantly higher in female workers than male workers. The increased odds ratio (OR) of CKDu stage 3 (< 60) was noted among male workers, with an increase in age, overweight, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, habits of smoking, and alcohol consumption. Conclusion The present study noted a lower eGFR and a higher OR of CKDu in industrial workers with risk factors. To avoid the progression from moderate severe loss and kidney failure, suggested weight reduction, avoiding smoking and alcohol consumption, and controlling diabetes and hypertension.