Affiliation:
1. Department of Physiology, CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2. Department of Medicine, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
3. Department of Community Medicine, CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan,
4. Department of Oral Pathology, CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan,
Abstract
Objectives:
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) includes psychological and somatic symptoms that start shortly before a woman’s menstruation. They are shown to affect a woman’s life negatively. Theis study aimed to measure the prevalence of PMS levels among the female population of Pakistan, to check its association with depression, anxiety, and stress, and to get a comparative analysis of PMS symptoms between medical professionals, non-medical professionals, and housewives.
Material and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted through online forms using snowball sampling on the sample size of n = 431. The questionnaire employed used shortened premenstrual assessment forms to measure the levels of PMS, along with depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS) to measure the levels and correlate them. Demographics included the name, age, profession, menstrual cycle regularity, pregnancy, contraception use, menopausal symptoms, and psychiatric disorders of the participants. Data analysis using descriptive statistics was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences IBM Statistics 26. Analysis of variance was performed to compare the means. Pearson’s correlation/regression analysis was done to quantify related variables. Parametric test (Independent T test also called student t test) was used to compare quantitative variables. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistical significance.
Results:
The majority of participants (58.2%) suffered from mild PMS while 39.9% and 8% of them suffered from moderate and severe PMS symptoms, respectively. Normal scores in DASS criteria were most prevalent among study subjects: (34.6%) anxiety, (53.6%) depression, and (47.8%) stress. Anxiety’s “extreme score” of (94%) was the most prevalent, while stress was the least. PMS was greatest in women working in the medical profession, second only to housewives. Depression and stress were most prevalent among women in medicine. Anxiety was highest among housewives.
Conclusion:
Most of our participants (58.2%) suffered from mild PMS, while severe PMS was present in only (8%) of the subjects. A strong correlation between PMS, depression, anxiety, and stress was found.
Reference19 articles.
1. Premenstrual Syndrome, and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder;Hofmeister;Am Fam Physician,2016
2. Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome Levels and Its Management among Female Students Of Medical and Non-medical Colleges in Riyadh;Majeed-Saidan;Cureus,2020
3. Prevalence, Impacts and Medical Management of Premenstrual Syndrome among Female Students: Cross-sectional Study in College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia;Tolossa;BMC Womens Health,2014
4. Premenstrual Syndrome is Associated with Dietary and Lifestyle Behaviors Among University Students: A Cross-sectional Study from Sharjah, UAE;Hashim;Nutrients,2019
5. Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and Its Effect on Quality of Work Life in Working Women in South India;Maheshwari;Ind Psychiatry J,2023