Benign and Non-Neoplastic Urinary Tract Lesions

Abstract

Urine cytology includes multiple benign and non-neoplastic conditions that may mimic urothelial carcinoma. It is important to recognize and to not overcall these to avoid unnecessary procedures and treatment. In this article we review reactive cytological changes of urine secondary to infections, inflammatory conditions, as well as the most common benign proliferations and therapy-related changes.