Breast cysticercosis mimicking malignancy: A case report from Nepal

Abstract

Cysticercosis, caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium, is an uncommon parasitic infection typically associated with the central nervous system. Despite its relatively common occurrence in Nepal due to agricultural practices and pig farming, breast involvement in cysticercosis remains an exceptional clinical phenomenon, which we elucidate through a distinctive case report, highlighting the complexities it introduces in diagnosis. A 62-year-old woman presented with a painful lump in her left breast, which raised concerns of malignancy on clinical examination. Mammography and ultrasound further supported this suspicion, revealing an irregular, high-density mass without calcification, and an echogenic rind. To confirm the diagnosis, an ultrasound-guided biopsy was performed, leading to the conclusive identification of cysticercosis through histopathological analysis. This case underscores the importance of considering cysticercosis as a potential diagnosis for solitary soft-tissue lesions, even in regions with a high prevalence of breast cancer. While imaging findings can provide valuable hints, histopathological examination remains the definitive confirmation method. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial, involving clinical, radiological, and histopathological assessments to accurately diagnose and manage such cases. Raising awareness of atypical presentations of cysticercosis is essential for prompt and effective treatment, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.