Retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with severe hyponatraemia in the emergency department

Abstract

Background . We investigated the demographic, aetiological and clinical characteristics of patients who presented to the emergency department and had severe hyponatraemia. Methods . We retrospectively evaluated 1171 patients who presented to the emergency department and were diagnosed with severe hyponatraemia. Results . Over half the patients studied were women (53.5%). The mean age of women was higher (p<0.0001). The most common complaint was dyspnoea (16.8%) and 42.5% of the patients had an oral intake disorder. In addition, 22.3% of the patients were on loop diuretics. About 76.3% of patients were conscious, and the mean sodium level of these patients was higher than the mean sodium level of those who responded to verbal and painful stimuli (p<0.001). Severe isolated hyponatraemia was observed in 61.8% of the patients. The mortality rate was 12.8%. There was no difference between the mean sodium levels of the deceased and discharged patients (p=1.0). The mortality rate was higher in patients who had a history of cirrhosis and cancer, but was lower in patients with a history of coronary artery disease (p=0.0002, p<0.0001 and p=0.04, respectively). Conclusion . Severe hyponatraemia was more prevalent in women, serum sodium levels were higher in conscious patients, and the mortality rate was higher in patients who had a history of cirrhosis and cancer. We found that the mean serum sodium levels did not help in distinguishing between the deceased and discharged patients.