Effect of an antacid containing magnesium and aluminum on absorption, metabolism, and mechanism of renal elimination of pefloxacin in humans

Abstract

The effects of an antacid containing magnesium and aluminum hydroxide on the pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin in 10 healthy volunteers were investigated. In a randomized crossover design, each subject received an oral dose of 400 mg of pefloxacin either with or without multiple doses of the antacid. The concentrations of pefloxacin and its metabolites in plasma and urine were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography assays. We found that coadministration of magnesium and aluminum hydroxide caused a decrease of levels of pefloxacin in plasma and urine. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve decreased significantly (P < 0.001), suggesting impaired absorption of pefloxacin from the gastrointestinal tract. The relative bioavailability of pefloxacin after the antacid treatment was 44.4% +/- 23.8%, compared with that after a single administration. The underlying mechanism of this drug interaction is the formation of chelate complexes and probably also physical adsorption to the aluminum hydroxide gel. The metabolism of pefloxacin was not altered by the antacid treatment. Renal clearance was found to depend on urinary pH. Terminal half-life was significantly shorter after the antacid treatment, probably because of an increase in nonrenal clearance. In conclusion, pefloxacin should be given at least 2 h before the antacid to ensure sufficient therapeutic efficacy of the quinolone.