Effects of cefetamet (Ro 15-8074) on Treponema pallidum and experimental syphilis

Abstract

Cefetamet pivoxil (Ro 15-8075) is a newly developed, expanded-spectrum cephalosporin that is orally active. In vitro, the active form, cefetamet (Ro 15-8074), at a concentration of 0.05 micrograms/ml killed and lysed Treponema pallidum. Rabbit serum did not diminish its effectiveness. The antibiotic rapidly entered the circulation following intramuscular injection into rabbits, attaining its highest levels of 24 to 37 micrograms/ml within 10 to 30 min. Animals were infected intradermally with T. pallidum and then treated with different doses of cefetamet. Accelerated healing was detected following treatment with 15 and 30 mg/kg of body weight. The antibiotic was also effective in killing organisms that had disseminated to distant tissues. In three separate sets of experiments, rabbits were infected with treponemes and then treated with cefetamet intramuscularly at 1, 15, or 30 mg/kg as follows: (i) after lesions had just become clinically apparent, (ii) after lesions were enlarged and well developed, or (iii) prior to the appearance of clinical lesions. Antibiotic effectiveness was determined by sacrificing the animals 1 week after antibiotic treatment and examining splenic tissue for residual, disseminated treponemes. Cefetamet was treponemicidal in all three situations. Maximum effects occurred when the antibiotic was injected before lesions had become clinically apparent (incubation period). These results suggest that cefetamet pivoxil might be useful for treating syphilitic infections.