Affiliation:
1. Department of Microbiology, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
Abstract
The in vitro activity of cefmenoxime (SCE-1365 or A-50912), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, was compared with those of cefazolin, cefoxitin, and cefamandole against a broad spectrum of 486 organisms and with that of cefotaxime against 114 organisms. Cefmenoxime and cefotaxime exhibited nearly equivalent activities against those organisms tested and were the most active of these cephalosporins against all aerobic and facultative organisms except
Staphylococcus aureus
. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefmenoxime required to inhibit at least 90% of strains tested (MIC
90
) ranged from 0.06 to 8 μg/ml for the
Enterobacteriaceae
. The MIC
90
s for gram-positive cocci were 0.015 and ≤0.008 μg/ml for
Streptococcus pneumoniae
and
Streptococcus pyogenes
, respectively, and 2 μg/ml for
S. aureus
. Group D streptococci were less susceptible. Cefmenoxime was very active against
Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
, and
Neisseria meningitidis
with MIC
90
s ranging from ≤0.008 to 0.25 μg/ml. Cefmenoxime, at a concentration of 16 μg/ml, inhibited 78% and 73% of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and
Acinetobacter
spp., respectively. MICs for anaerobes ranged from 0.5 to >128 μg/ml with good activity against the gram-positive organisms. In addition, cefmenoxime activity was bactericidal and only slightly affected by differences in inoculum size. The combination of cefmenoxime and gentamicin was synergistic against 80% of the
Enterobacteriaceae
and 100% of
P. aeruginosa
strains tested. Development of resistance to cefmenoxime was slow or absent for organisms with low initial MICs but more rapid for those with higher initial MICs. Cefmenoxime exhibited good protective activity in mice infected with
Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris
, or
S. aureus
but was less effective against
P. aeruginosa
.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Pharmacology (medical),Pharmacology
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