Affiliation:
1. Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, BC, Canada V0M 1A0
2. National Research Council of Canada, Biotechnology Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada H4P 2R2
3. BC Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, Angus Campbell Road, Abbotsford, BC, Canada V3G 2M3
4. Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada N5V 4T3
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Enterococci are now frequent causative agents of nosocomial infections. In this study, we analyzed the frequency and distribution of antibiotic resistance and virulence genotypes of
Enterococcus
isolates from broiler chickens. Fecal and cecal samples from nine commercial poultry farms were collected to quantify total enterococci. Sixty-nine presumptive enterococci were isolated and identified by API 20 Strep, and their susceptibilities to antibiotics were determined. Genotypes were assessed through the use of a novel DNA microarray carrying 70 taxonomic, 17 virulence, and 174 antibiotic resistance gene probes. Total enterococcal counts were different from farm to farm and between sample sources (
P
< 0.01). Fifty-one (74%) of the isolates were identified as
E. faecium
, whereas nine (13%), seven (10%), and two (3%) isolates were identified as
E. hirae
,
E. faecalis
, and
E. gallinarum
, respectively. Multiple-antibiotic resistance was evident in
E. faecium
and
E. faecalis
isolates. The most common multiple-antibiotic resistance phenotype was Bac Ery Tyl Lin Str Gen Tet Cip. Genes conferring resistance to aminoglycoside (
aac
,
aacA-aphD
,
aadB
,
aphA
,
sat4
), macrolide (
ermA
,
ermB
,
ermAM
,
msrC
), tetracycline (
tetL
,
tetM
,
tetO
), streptogramin (
satG
_
vatE8
), bacitracin (
bcrR
), and lincosamide (
linB
) antibiotics were detected in corresponding phenotypes. A range of 9 to 12 different virulence genes was found in
E. faecalis
, including
ace
,
agg
,
agrB
Efs
(
agrB
gene of
E. faecalis
),
cad1
, the cAM373 and cCF10 genes,
cob
,
cpd1
,
cylAB
,
efaA
Efs
, and
gelE
. All seven
E. faecalis
isolates were found to carry the
gelE
gene and to hydrolize gelatin and bile salts. Results from this study showed the presence of enterococci of public and environmental health concerns in broiler chicken farms and demonstrated the utility of a microarray to quickly and reliably analyze resistance and virulence genotypes of
Enterococcus
spp.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology
Cited by
100 articles.
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