Self-Reported Long COVID and Its Association with the Presence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in a Danish Cohort up to 12 Months after Infection

Author:

Fogh Kamille123ORCID,Larsen Tine Graakjær4,Hansen Cecilie B.53,Hasselbalch Rasmus B.123,Eriksen Alexandra R. R.123,Bundgaard Henning63,Frikke-Schmidt Ruth73,Hilsted Linda M.3,Østergaard Lars89,Johansen Isik S.1011,Hageman Ida12,Garred Peter53ORCID,Iversen Kasper123

Affiliation:

1. Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark

2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark

3. Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark

4. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark

5. Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

6. Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

7. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

8. Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark

9. Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

10. Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

11. Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

12. Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark

Abstract

This cohort study included questionnaire data as well as anti-nucleocapsid antibody analysis, allowing us to determine whether participants were seropositive due to vaccination or natural infection. The study emphasizes the importance of early confirmation of COVID-19, as antibodies recede with time, and it indicates an overlap between long COVID symptoms and symptoms possibly of another origin.

Funder

Carlsbergfondet

Novo Nordisk Fonden

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Cell Biology,Microbiology (medical),Genetics,General Immunology and Microbiology,Ecology,Physiology

Reference26 articles.

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4. World Health Organization. 2021. In the wake of the pandemic: preparing for long COVID. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/publications-and-technical-guidance/2021/in-the-wake-of-the-pandemic-preparing-for-long-covid-2021.

5. Long Haulers—What Is the Evidence for Post-COVID Fatigue?

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