Affiliation:
1. BioCentrum-DTU
2. Environment and Resources, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby
3. Department of Optics and Fluid Dynamics, Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Risø, Denmark
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In this study, we examined the long-term development of the overall structural morphology and community composition of a biofilm formed in a model drinking water distribution system with biofilms from 1 day to 3 years old. Visualization and subsequent quantification showed how the biofilm developed from an initial attachment of single cells through the formation of independent microcolonies reaching 30 μm in thickness to a final looser structure with an average thickness of 14.1 μm and covering 76% of the surface. An analysis of the community composition by use of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms showed a correlation between the population profile and the age of the sample, separating the samples into young (1 to 94 days) and old (571 to 1,093 days) biofilms, whereas a limited spatial variation in the biofilm was observed. A more detailed analysis with cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA fragments illustrated how a wide variety of cells recruited from the bulk water initially attached and resulted in a species richness comparable to that in the water phase. This step was followed by the growth of a bacterium which was related to
Nitrospira
, which constituted 78% of the community by day 256, and which resulted in a reduction in the overall richness. After 500 days, the biofilm entered a stable population state, which was characterized by a greater richness of bacteria, including
Nitrospira
,
Planctomyces
,
Acidobacterium
, and
Pseudomonas
. The combination of different techniques illustrated the successional formation of a biofilm during a 3-year period in this model drinking water distribution system.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology
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