Sequence and transcript analysis of a novel Methanosarcina barkeri methyltransferase II homolog and its associated corrinoid protein homologous to methionine synthase

Abstract

The sequence and transcript of the genes encoding a recently discovered coenzyme M methylase in Methanosarcina barkeri were analyzed. This 480-kDa protein is composed of two subunits in equimolar concentrations which bind one corrinoid cofactor per alphabeta dimer. The gene for the alphabeta polypeptide, mtsA, is upstream of that encoding the beta polypeptide, mtsB. The two genes are contiguous and overlap by several nucleotides. A 1.9-kb mRNA species which reacted with probes specific for either mtsA or mtsB was detected. Three possible methanogen consensus BoxA sequences as well as two sets of direct repeats were found upstream of mtsA. The 5' end of the mts transcript was 19 nucleotides upstream of the translational start site of mtsA and was positioned 25 bp from the center of the proximal BoxA sequence. The transcript was most abundant in cells grown to the late log phase on acetate but barely detectable in cells grown on methanol or trimethylamine. The amino acid sequence of MtsB was homologous to the cobalamin-binding fragment of methionine synthase from Escherichia coli and possessed the signature residues involved in binding the corrinoid, including a histidyl residue which ligates cobalt. The sequence of MtsA is homologous to the "A" and "M" isozymes of methylcobamide:coenzyme M methyltransferases (methyltransferase II), indicating that the alpha polypeptide is a new member of the methyltransferase II family of coenzyme M methylases. All three methyltransferase II homolog sequences could be aligned with the sequences of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase from various sources. The implications of these homologies for the mechanism of corrinoid binding by proteins involved in methylotrophic methanogenesis are discussed.