Ecological and Genomic Attributes of Novel Bacterial Taxa That Thrive in Subsurface Soil Horizons

Author:

Brewer Tess E.1,Aronson Emma L.2,Arogyaswamy Keshav2,Billings Sharon A.3,Botthoff Jon K.4,Campbell Ashley N.5,Dove Nicholas C.6,Fairbanks Dawson7,Gallery Rachel E.8,Hart Stephen C.9,Kaye Jason10,King Gary11,Logan Geoffrey2,Lohse Kathleen A.12,Maltz Mia R.4ORCID,Mayorga Emilio13,O’Neill Caitlin14,Owens Sarah M.15,Packman Aaron16,Pett-Ridge Jennifer5,Plante Alain F.17,Richter Daniel D.18,Silver Whendee L.19,Yang Wendy H.20,Fierer Noah21

Affiliation:

1. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA

2. Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA

3. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA

4. Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA

5. Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA

6. Environmental Systems Graduate Group, University of California, Merced, California, USA

7. Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA

8. School of Natural Resources and the Environment, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA

9. Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California, USA

10. Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA

11. Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

12. Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA

13. Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

14. Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA

15. Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA

16. Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

17. Department of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

18. Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA

19. Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA

20. Departments of Plant Biology and Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA

21. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA

Abstract

Soil profiles are rarely homogeneous. Resource availability and microbial abundances typically decrease with soil depth, but microbes found in deeper horizons are still important components of terrestrial ecosystems. By studying 20 soil profiles across the United States, we documented consistent changes in soil bacterial and archaeal communities with depth. Deeper soils harbored communities distinct from those of the more commonly studied surface horizons. Most notably, we found that the candidate phylum Dormibacteraeota (formerly AD3) was often dominant in subsurface soils, and we used genomes from uncultivated members of this group to identify why these taxa are able to thrive in such resource-limited environments. Simply digging deeper into soil can reveal a surprising number of novel microbes with unique adaptations to oligotrophic subsurface conditions.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Virology,Microbiology

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