Atropine Metabolism by Pseudomonas sp. Strain AT3: Evidence for Nortropine as an Intermediate in Tropine Breakdown and Reactions Leading to Succinate

Abstract

Pseudomonas strain AT3, isolated by elective culture with atropine, hydrolyzed atropine and grew diauxically, first on the tropic acid and then on the tropine. Tropine was also used as a sole carbon and energy source. The methyl group of tropine was eliminated as formaldehyde, and the nortropine thus formed was a precursor of 6-hydroxycyclohepta-1,4-dione. Ammonia was detected as a product of nitrogen elimination. 6-Hydroxycyclohepta-1,4-dione was oxidized to cyclohepta-1,3,5-trione by an induced NAD(sup+)-specific dehydrogenase. Although cyclohepta-1,3,5-trione is a (beta)-diketone with two potential hydrolytic cleavage sites, an induced hydrolase was specific for one of these sites, with 4,6-dioxoheptanoate as the only hydrolysis product. Unlike the alternative cleavage product (3,6-dioxoheptanoate), this compound is also a (beta)-diketone, and a second hydrolytic cleavage formed succinate and acetone. Although Pseudomonas strain AT3 was not capable of growth with acetone, the compound was not detected in the culture medium and may have been lost to the atmosphere. Exhaustive experimentation with a wide range of conditions did not result in detection of the enzymes required for cleavage of the carbon-nitrogen bonds leading to the formation of nortropine and 6-hydroxycyclohepta-1,4-dione.