Affiliation:
1. Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, The University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The antibacterial activities of three newly developed fluoroquinolones (gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin) against a total of 307 gastrointestinal human isolates of
Campylobacter jejuni
and
Campylobacter coli
collected during 1980 to 1982 and 1997 to 2001 were examined and compared to those of ciprofloxacin and the unrelated antibacterial agents, clarithromycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline by using the agar plate dilution method. All of the fluoroquinolones exhibited a good activity against
Campylobacter
, and some of them were more active than ciprofloxacin, the macrolides, and tetracycline. Among the fluoroquinolones, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin showed the highest anticampylobacter activity, with MICs at which 50% of the isolates tested are inhibited (MIC
50
s) and MIC
90
s of 0.125 and 4 μg/ml, respectively; the MIC
50
for both levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was 0.25, and the MIC
90
s were 16 and 32 μg/ml, respectively. About 30% of the strains were found to be resistant to at least one fluoroquinolone. Resistance to gatifloxacin occurred in 9.8% of the isolates tested, and resistance to the other fluoroquinolones occurred in 19.9 to 27.4% of the isolates tested; the frequency of cross-resistance was 35.7 to 100%. An increase in fluoroquinolone resistance from 0% in 1980 to 1982 to 11.8 to 29% in 1997 and 1998, 8.2 to 31.8% in 1999 and 2000, and 12.1 to 30.3% in 2001 was found. A total of 61.4 to 73.2% of the
C. jenuni
strains resistant to erythromycin, clarithromycin, and/or tetracycline were susceptible to fluoroquinolones; gatifloxacin showed the highest percentage of inhibition. These results show that the newer fluoroquinolones with their potent activity could be used to treat infections with
C. jejuni
and
C. coli.
However, when these drugs are used, one must consider the increase in resistance and the high cross-resistance to these antimicrobial agents.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Pharmacology (medical),Pharmacology
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