Affiliation:
1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago Circle, Chicago, Illinois 60680
Abstract
Groups of immobilized gnotobiotic houseflies,
Musca domestica
L., were mono-contaminated with graded doses of
Salmonella typhimurium
, bicontaminated with
S. typhimurium
and
Proteus mirabilis
, and multicontaminated with
S. typhimurium
and a mouse fecal flora. Of 45 flies fed an average of 22
Salmonella
cells alone, 26 showed bacterial multiplication, up to 1.4 × 10
7
in one case. There was a fairly consistent increase in percentage of
Salmonella
excreters with increasing input, so that all flies given 10
4
and 10
5
cells shed
Salmonella
some time during an observation period of 8 to 13 days. Multiplication, however, reached higher levels in flies given 10
2
or 10
3
organisms. A high input was not necessary to produce a high proportion of
Salmonella
excreters. Among 22 flies given an average of 90
Salmonella
cells, multiplication occurred in 17 and 18 became excreters. Antagonism between
P. mirabilis
and
S. typhimurium
, which was previously described in the blowfly maggot tract, also occurred in the gut of the adult housefly. With an input of 10
3
cells each of
Salmonella
and
Proteus
, there was a reduction of
Salmonella
excreters to 27% on the first day and elimination by the second day. With a normal fecal flora which contained no demonstrable
P. mirabilis
, 37% of the flies were still excreting
Salmonella
on the fourth day, but not by day 6; among flies fed
Salmonella
alone at the same input, the organism was excreted by 87% on the first day and 62% on the second day, and outputs continued for at least 8 days.
Salmonella
was lodged mainly in the mid- and hindgut 3 days after the infective meal, minimizing transmission through vomit. Comparison studies with the common green bottle fly,
Phaenicia sericata
Mg., showed it to be more resistant than the housefly to establishment and multiplication of
S. typhimurium
.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Immunology,Microbiology,Parasitology
Cited by
63 articles.
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