Bacterial Targets as Potential Indicators of Diesel Fuel Toxicity in Subantarctic Soils

Author:

van Dorst Josie1,Siciliano Steven D.2,Winsley Tristrom123,Snape Ian3,Ferrari Belinda C.1

Affiliation:

1. School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia

2. Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

3. Terrestrial and Nearshore Ecosystems Program, Australian Government Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia

Abstract

ABSTRACT Appropriate remediation targets or universal guidelines for polar regions do not currently exist, and a comprehensive understanding of the effects of diesel fuel on the natural microbial populations in polar and subpolar soils is lacking. Our aim was to investigate the response of the bacterial community to diesel fuel and to evaluate if these responses have the potential to be used as indicators of soil toxicity thresholds. We set up short- and long-exposure tests across a soil organic carbon gradient. Utilizing broad and targeted community indices, as well as functional genes involved in the nitrogen cycle, we investigated the bacterial community structure and its potential functioning in response to special Antarctic blend (SAB) diesel fuel. We found the primary effect of diesel fuel toxicity was a reduction in species richness, evenness, and phylogenetic diversity, with the resulting community heavily dominated by a few species, principally Pseudomonas . The decline in richness and phylogenetic diversity was linked to disruption of the nitrogen cycle, with species and functional genes involved in nitrification significantly reduced. Of the 11 targets we evaluated, we found the bacterial amoA gene indicative of potential ammonium oxidation, the most suitable indicator of toxicity. Dose-response modeling for this target generated an average effective concentration responsible for 20% change (EC 20 ) of 155 mg kg −1 , which is consistent with previous Macquarie Island ecotoxicology assays. Unlike traditional single-species tolerance testing, bacterial targets allowed us to simultaneously evaluate more than 1,700 species from 39 phyla, inclusive of rare, sensitive, and functionally relevant portions of the community.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology

Reference65 articles.

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4. A “Weight-of-Evidence” Approach for the Integration of Environmental “Triad” Data to Assess Ecological Risk and Biological Vulnerability

5. MAKING SPECIES SALINITY SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS REFLECTIVE OF NATURALLY OCCURRING COMMUNITIES: USING RAPID TESTING AND BAYESIAN STATISTICS

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