Virus-Encoded Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases: Structural and Functional Characterization of Mimivirus TyrRS and MetRS
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Published:2007-11-15
Issue:22
Volume:81
Page:12406-12417
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ISSN:0022-538X
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Container-title:Journal of Virology
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language:en
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Short-container-title:J Virol
Author:
Abergel Chantal1, Rudinger-Thirion Joëlle2, Giegé Richard2, Claverie Jean-Michel1
Affiliation:
1. Structural and Genomic Information Laboratory, CNRS-UPR2589, Institut de Biologie Structurale & Microbiologie IFR88, Université de la Méditerranée, 163 avenue de Luminy, Case 934, 13288 Marseille, Cedex 9, France 2. Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, CNRS-UPR 9002, IBMC, and Université Louis Pasteur, 15 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, France
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are pivotal in determining how the genetic code is translated in amino acids and in providing the substrate for protein synthesis. As such, they fulfill a key role in a process universally conserved in all cellular organisms from their most complex to their most reduced parasitic forms. In contrast, even complex viruses were not found to encode much translation machinery, with the exception of isolated components such as tRNAs. In this context, the discovery of four aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases encoded in the genome of mimivirus together with a full set of translation initiation, elongation, and termination factors appeared to blur what was once a clear frontier between the cellular and viral world. Functional studies of two mimivirus tRNA synthetases confirmed the MetRS specificity for methionine and the TyrRS specificity for tyrosine and conformity with the identity rules for tRNA
Tyr
for archea/eukarya. The atomic structure of the mimivirus tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase in complex with tyrosinol exhibits the typical fold and active-site organization of archaeal-type TyrRS. However, the viral enzyme presents a unique dimeric conformation and significant differences in its anticodon binding site. The present work suggests that mimivirus aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases function as regular translation enzymes in infected amoebas. Their phylogenetic classification does not suggest that they have been acquired recently by horizontal gene transfer from a cellular host but rather militates in favor of an intricate evolutionary relationship between large DNA viruses and ancestral eukaryotes.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Virology,Insect Science,Immunology,Microbiology
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