Affiliation:
1. Instituto de Lactología Industrial (Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santa Fe, Argentina
2. Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie, et de Bioinformatique and PROTEO, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Félix d'Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, and GREB, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Strains of the
Lactobacillus casei
group have been extensively studied because some are used as probiotics in foods. Conversely, their phages have received much less attention. We analyzed the complete genome sequences of five
L. paracasei
temperate phages: C
L
1, C
L
2, i
Lp
84, i
Lp
1308, and iA2. Only phage iA2 could not replicate in an indicator strain. The genome lengths ranged from 34,155 bp (iA2) to 39,474 bp (C
L
1). Phages iA2 and i
Lp
1308 (34,176 bp) possess the smallest genomes reported, thus far, for phages of the
L. casei
group. The GC contents of the five phage genomes ranged from 44.8 to 45.6%. As observed with many other phages, their genomes were organized as follows: genes coding for DNA packaging, morphogenesis, lysis, lysogeny, and replication. Phages C
L
1, C
L
2, and i
Lp
1308 are highly related to each other. Phage i
Lp
84 was also related to these three phages, but the similarities were limited to gene products involved in DNA packaging and structural proteins. Genomic fragments of phages C
L
1, C
L
2, i
Lp
1308, and i
Lp
84 were found in several genomes of
L. casei
strains. Prophage iA2 is unrelated to these four phages, but almost all of its genome was found in at least four
L. casei
strains. Overall, these phages are distinct from previously characterized
Lactobacillus
phages. Our results highlight the diversity of
L. casei
phages and indicate frequent DNA exchanges between phages and their hosts.
Funder
Agencia Nacional de Promoción Cientifica y Tecnológica
Conicet
Canada Research Chairs
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology
Cited by
37 articles.
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