Divergent Host Responses during Primary Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVsm Infection of Natural Sooty Mangabey and Nonnatural Rhesus Macaque Hosts

Author:

Silvestri Guido12,Fedanov Andrew2,Germon Stephanie2,Kozyr Natalia2,Kaiser William J.2,Garber David A.12,McClure Harold3,Feinberg Mark B.142,Staprans Silvija I.142

Affiliation:

1. Departments of Medicine

2. Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine

3. Yerkes National Primate Research Center of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

4. Microbiology and Immunology

Abstract

ABSTRACT To understand how natural sooty mangabey hosts avoid AIDS despite high levels of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) SIVsm replication, we inoculated mangabeys and nonnatural rhesus macaque hosts with an identical inoculum of uncloned SIVsm. The unpassaged virus established infection with high-level viral replication in both macaques and mangabeys. A species-specific, divergent immune response to SIV was evident from the first days of infection and maintained in the chronic phase, with macaques showing immediate and persistent T-cell proliferation, whereas mangabeys displayed little T-cell proliferation, suggesting subdued cellular immune responses to SIV. Importantly, only macaques developed CD4 + -T-cell depletion and AIDS, thus indicating that in mangabeys limited immune activation is a key mechanism to avoid immunodeficiency despite high levels of SIVsm replication. These studies demonstrate that it is the host response to infection, rather than properties inherent to the virus itself, that causes immunodeficiency in SIV-infected nonhuman primates.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Virology,Insect Science,Immunology,Microbiology

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