Affiliation:
1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine; Department of Pathology; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California 90024
Abstract
Piperacillin, a new semisynthetic penicillin, was compared with other semisynthetic penicillins, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides by the agar dilution method against 3,600 isolates of facultative gram-negative bacilli,
Bacteroides fragilis
, and enterococci. At 64 μg/ml, piperacillin inhibited 90% of the isolates in each group of organisms tested except for
Escherichia coli
(83% inhibited by 64 μg/ml). Compared with carbenicillin, piperacillin had a 16-fold increase in activity by weight against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and the enterococcus, an 8-fold increase against
Serratia marcescens
, and a 4-fold increase against
B. fragilis
and
Enterobacter
species. Piperacillin was highly active against carbenicillin-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
and inhibited many aminoglycoside-resistant organisms. Except for
P. aeruginosa
, the minimum bactericidal concentration of piperacillin was usually within one tube dilution of the minimum inhibitory concentration. Approximately one-third of the gram-negative bacilli were inhibited synergistically by piperacillin plus amikacin, but no synergy could be demonstrated against enterococci. Piperacillin's in vitro activity against gram-negative bacilli was similar to gentamicin's except that it also included
B. fragilis
, and piperacillin was decidedly superior to presently available penicillins against
K. pneumoniae
.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Pharmacology (medical),Pharmacology
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