Nla18, a Key Regulatory Protein Required for Normal Growth and Development of Myxococcus xanthus

Author:

Diodati Michelle E.12,Ossa Faisury3,Caberoy Nora B.34,Jose Ivy R.12,Hiraiwa Wataru1,Igo Michele M.1,Singer Mitchell12,Garza Anthony G.3

Affiliation:

1. Section of Microbiology

2. Center for Genetics and Development, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616

3. Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244

4. School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164

Abstract

ABSTRACT NtrC-like activators regulate the transcription of a wide variety of adaptive genes in bacteria. Previously, we demonstrated that a mutation in the ntrC -like activator gene nla18 causes defects in fruiting body development in Myxococcus xanthus . In this report, we describe the effect that nla18 inactivation has on gene expression patterns during development and vegetative growth. Gene expression in nla18 mutant cells is altered in the early stages of fruiting body development. Furthermore, nla18 mutant cells are defective for two of the earliest events in development, production of the intracellular starvation signal ppGpp and production of A-signal. Taken together, these results indicate that the developmental program in nla18 mutant cells goes awry very early. Inactivation of nla18 also causes a dramatic decrease in the vegetative growth rate of M. xanthus cells. DNA microarray analysis revealed that the vegetative expression patterns of more than 700 genes are altered in nla18 mutant cells. Genes coding for putative membrane and membrane-associated proteins are among the largest classes of genes whose expression is altered by nla18 inactivation. This result is supported by our findings that the profiles of membrane proteins isolated from vegetative nla18 mutant and wild-type cells are noticeably different. In addition to genes that code for putative membrane proteins, nla18 inactivation affects the expression of many genes that are likely to be important for protein synthesis and gene regulation. Our data are consistent with a model in which Nla18 controls vegetative growth and development by activating the expression of genes involved in gene regulation, translation, and membrane structure.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Molecular Biology,Microbiology

Reference71 articles.

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3. Cashel, M., D. R. Gentry, V. J. Hernandez, and D. Vinella. 1996. The stringent response, p. 1458-1494. In F. C. Neidhardt, R. Curtiss III, J. L. Ingraham, E. C. C. Lin, K. B. Low, B. Magasanik, W. S Reznikoff, M. Riley, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella: cellular and molecular biology, 2nd ed. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.

4. Chatterji, D., and A. K. Ojha. 2001. Revisiting the stringent response, ppGpp and starvation signaling. Curr. Opin. Microbiol.4:160-165.

5. Crawford, E. W., and L. J. Shimkets. 2000. The stringent response in Myxococcus xanthus is regulated by SocE and the CsgA C-signaling protein. Genes Dev.14:483-492.

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