Options and Limitations in Clinical Investigation of Bacterial Biofilms

Author:

Magana Maria1,Sereti Christina12,Ioannidis Anastasios13,Mitchell Courtney A.4,Ball Anthony R.56,Magiorkinis Emmanouil7,Chatzipanagiotou Stylianos1,Hamblin Michael R.8910ORCID,Hadjifrangiskou Maria11,Tegos George P.56

Affiliation:

1. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece

2. Department of Microbiology, Thriassio General Hospital, Attiki, Greece

3. Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Sparta, Greece

4. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

5. Gliese 623b, Mendon, Massachusetts, USA

6. GAMA Therapeutics LLC, Pepperell, Massachusetts, USA

7. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens-Goudi, Greece

8. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

9. Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

10. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

11. Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

Abstract

SUMMARY Bacteria can form single- and multispecies biofilms exhibiting diverse features based upon the microbial composition of their community and microenvironment. The study of bacterial biofilm development has received great interest in the past 20 years and is motivated by the elegant complexity characteristic of these multicellular communities and their role in infectious diseases. Biofilms can thrive on virtually any surface and can be beneficial or detrimental based upon the community's interplay and the surface. Advances in the understanding of structural and functional variations and the roles that biofilms play in disease and host-pathogen interactions have been addressed through comprehensive literature searches. In this review article, a synopsis of the methodological landscape of biofilm analysis is provided, including an evaluation of the current trends in methodological research. We deem this worthwhile because a keyword-oriented bibliographical search reveals that less than 5% of the biofilm literature is devoted to methodology. In this report, we (i) summarize current methodologies for biofilm characterization, monitoring, and quantification; (ii) discuss advances in the discovery of effective imaging and sensing tools and modalities; (iii) provide an overview of tailored animal models that assess features of biofilm infections; and (iv) make recommendations defining the most appropriate methodological tools for clinical settings.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,General Immunology and Microbiology,Epidemiology

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