Full-Length Genome Characterization of a Novel Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Lineage (SIVolc) from Olive Colobus ( Procolobus verus ) and New SIVwrc Pbb Strains from Western Red Colobus ( Piliocolobus badius badius ) from the Taï Forest in Ivory Coast

Abstract

ABSTRACT Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) are found in an extensive number of African primates and humans continue to be exposed to these viruses by hunting and handling of primate bushmeat. Full-length genome sequences were obtained from SIVs derived from two Colobinae species inhabiting the Taï forest, Ivory Coast, each belonging to a different genus: SIVwrc from western red colobus ( Piliocolobus badius badius ) (SIVwrc Pbb -98CI04 and SIVwrc Pbb -97CI14) and SIVolc (SIVolc-97CI12) from olive colobus ( Procolobus verus ). Phylogenetic analysis showed that western red colobus are the natural hosts of SIVwrc, and SIVolc is also a distinct species-specific lineage, although distantly related to the SIVwrc lineage across the entire length of its genome. Overall, both SIVwrc and SIVolc, are also distantly related to the SIVlho/sun lineage across the whole genome. Similar to the group of SIVs (SIVsyk, SIVdeb, SIVden, SIVgsn, SIVmus, and SIVmon) infecting members of the Cercopithecus genus, SIVs derived from western red and olive colobus, L'Hoest and suntailed monkeys, and SIVmnd-1 from mandrills form a second group of viruses that cluster consistently together in phylogenetic trees. Interestingly, the divergent SIVcol lineage, from mantled guerezas ( Colobus guereza ) in Cameroon, is also closely related to SIVwrc, SIVolc, and the SIVlho/sun lineage in the 5′ part of Pol. Overall, these results suggest an ancestral link between these different lentiviruses and highlight once more the complexity of the natural history and evolution of primate lentiviruses.