Affiliation:
1. UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR 4207 Quasav, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Beaucouzé, France
2. Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail, Angers, France
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The first outbreaks of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by
Pseudomonas syringae
pv. actinidiae biovar 3 were detected in France in 2010.
P. syringae
pv. actinidiae causes leaf spots, dieback, and canker that sometimes lead to the death of the vine.
P. syringae
pv. actinidifoliorum, which is pathogenic on kiwi as well, causes only leaf spots. In order to conduct an epidemiological study to track the spread of the epidemics of these two pathogens in France, we developed a multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA). MLVA was conducted on 340 strains of
P. syringae
pv. actinidiae biovar 3 isolated in Chile, China, France, Italy, and New Zealand and on 39 strains of
P. syringae
pv. actinidifoliorum isolated in Australia, France, and New Zealand. Eleven polymorphic VNTR loci were identified in the genomes of
P. syringae
pv. actinidiae biovar 3 ICMP 18744 and of
P. syringae
pv. actinidifoliorum ICMP 18807. MLVA enabled the structuring of
P. syringae
pv. actinidiae biovar 3 and
P. syringae
pv. actinidifoliorum strains in 55 and 16 haplotypes, respectively. MLVA and discriminant analysis of principal components revealed that strains isolated in Chile, China, and New Zealand are genetically distinct from
P. syringae
pv. actinidiae strains isolated in France and in Italy, which appear to be closely related at the genetic level. In contrast, no structuring was observed for
P. syringae
pv. actinidifoliorum. We developed an MLVA scheme to explore the diversity within
P. syringae
pv. actinidiae biovar 3 and to trace the dispersal routes of epidemic
P. syringae
pv. actinidiae biovar 3 in Europe. We suggest using this MLVA scheme to trace the dispersal routes of
P. syringae
pv. actinidiae at a global level.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology
Cited by
28 articles.
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