Akkermansia muciniphila and Its Pili-Like Protein Amuc_1100 Modulate Macrophage Polarization in Experimental Periodontitis

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease triggered by dysbiosis of the oral microbiome. Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly implicated in periodontal inflammation, gingival tissue destruction, and alveolar bone loss through sustained exacerbation of the host response. Recently, the use of other bacterial species, such as Akkermansia muciniphila , has been suggested to counteract inflammation elicited by P. gingivalis . In this study, the effects of A. muciniphila and its pili-like protein Amuc_1100 on macrophage polarization during P. gingivalis infection were evaluated in a murine model of experimental periodontitis.