ROK family regulator NagC promotes prodigiosin biosynthesis independent of N -acetylglucosamine in Serratia sp. ATCC 39006

Abstract

ABSTRACT Serratia sp. ATCC 39006 is an important model strain for the study of prodigiosin production, whose prodigiosin biosynthesis genes ( pigA-O ) are arranged in an operon. Several transcription factors have been shown to control the transcription of the pig operon. However, since the regulation of prodigiosin biosynthesis is complex, the regulatory mechanism for this process has not been well established. In most γ-proteobacteria, the ROK family regulator NagC acts as a global transcription factor in response to N -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). In Serratia sp. ATCC 39006, NagC represses the transcription of two divergent operons, nagE and nagBAC , which encode proteins involved in the transport and metabolism of GlcNAc. Moreover, NagC directly binds to a 21-nt region that partially overlaps the −10 and −35 regions of the pig promoter and promotes the transcription of prodigiosin biosynthesis genes, thereby increasing prodigiosin production. Although NagC still acts as both repressor and activator in Serratia sp. ATCC 39006, its transcriptional regulatory activity is independent of GlcNAc. NagC was first found to regulate antibiotic biosynthesis in Gram-negative bacteria, and NagC-mediated regulation is not responsive to GlcNAc, which contributes to future studies on the regulation of secondary metabolism by NagC in other bacteria. IMPORTANCE The ROK family transcription factor NagC is an important global regulator in the γ-proteobacteria. A large number of genes involved in the transport and metabolism of sugars, as well as those associated with biofilm formation and pathogenicity, are regulated by NagC. In all of these regulations, the transcriptional regulatory activity of NagC responds to the supply of GlcNAc in the environment. Here, we found for the first time that NagC can regulate antibiotic biosynthesis, whose transcriptional regulatory activity is independent of GlcNAc. This suggests that NagC may respond to more signals and regulate more physiological processes in Gram-negative bacteria.