Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Biosynthesis Gene pqqC , a Novel Molecular Marker for Studying the Phylogeny and Diversity of Phosphate-Solubilizing Pseudomonads

Author:

Meyer Joana Beatrice1,Frapolli Michele2,Keel Christoph3,Maurhofer Monika1

Affiliation:

1. Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland

2. Metabolic Unit, University Children's Hospital Zürich, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland

3. Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

Abstract

ABSTRACT Many root-colonizing pseudomonads are able to promote plant growth by increasing phosphate availability in soil through solubilization of poorly soluble rock phosphates. The major mechanism of phosphate solubilization by pseudomonads is the secretion of gluconic acid, which requires the enzyme glucose dehydrogenase and its cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ). The main aim of this study was to evaluate whether a PQQ biosynthetic gene is suitable to study the phylogeny of phosphate-solubilizing pseudomonads. To this end, two new primers, which specifically amplify the pqqC gene of the Pseudomonas genus, were designed. pqqC fragments were amplified and sequenced from a Pseudomonas strain collection and from a natural wheat rhizosphere population using cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent approaches. Phylogenetic trees based on pqqC sequences were compared to trees obtained with the two concatenated housekeeping genes rpoD and gyrB . For both pqqC and rpoD - gyrB , similar main phylogenetic clusters were found. However, in the pqqC but not in the rpoD - gyrB tree, the group of fluorescent pseudomonads producing the antifungal compounds 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and pyoluteorin was located outside the Pseudomonas fluorescens group. pqqC sequences from isolated pseudomonads were differently distributed among the identified phylogenetic groups than pqqC sequences derived from the cultivation-independent approach. Comparing pqqC phylogeny and phosphate solubilization activity, we identified one phylogenetic group with high solubilization activity. In summary, we demonstrate that the gene pqqC is a novel molecular marker that can be used complementary to housekeeping genes for studying the diversity and evolution of plant-beneficial pseudomonads.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology

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