Chemical Analysis of and Degradation Studies on the Cell Wall Lipopolysaccharide of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata

Abstract

A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been isolated from the gram-negative photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas capsulata . Chemical analysis revealed the presence of d -glucose, d -galactose, l -rhamnose, 3- O -methyl- l -rhamnose ( l -acofriose), d -glucosamine, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, and neuraminic acid. The LPS does not contain l -glycero- d -mannoheptose, a typical component of the LPS of enteric bacteria. Fatty acid analysis showed that, apart from lauric acid, two hydroxy fatty acids (hydroxycaproic and hydroxymyristic acids) are the main components. By hydrolysis in weak acid, the LPS has been separated into a polysaccharide part (degraded polysaccharide) and a lipid part (lipid A). Presumably the lipid A contains a glucosamine backbone. Whereas the OH-groups of glucosamine are esterified with lauric and hydroxycaproic acids, hydroxymyristic acid is linked to the amino group of the sugar. By separation of the degraded polysaccharide by gel filtration, a fraction has been isolated which inhibited hemagglutination in a system containing antiserum, obtained by immunization of rabbits with whole cells, and isolated LPS. This fraction, which includes the determinant group, contains the sugars glucose, rhamnose, and acofriose. A second fraction obtained in this way was found to be serologically inactive and is composed of glucose, galactose, neuraminic acid, and phosphate.