Multiple Virus Lineages Sharing Recent Common Ancestry Were Associated with a Large Rift Valley Fever Outbreak among Livestock in Kenya during 2006-2007
-
Published:2008-11-15
Issue:22
Volume:82
Page:11152-11166
-
ISSN:0022-538X
-
Container-title:Journal of Virology
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:J Virol
Author:
Bird Brian H.12, Githinji Jane W. K.3, Macharia Joseph M.3, Kasiiti Jacqueline L.3, Muriithi Rees M.3, Gacheru Stephen G.3, Musaa Joseph O.3, Towner Jonathan S.1, Reeder Serena A.1, Oliver Jennifer B.1, Stevens Thomas L.1, Erickson Bobbie R.1, Morgan Laura T.1, Khristova Marina L.4, Hartman Amy L.1, Comer James A.1, Rollin Pierre E.1, Ksiazek Thomas G.1, Nichol Stuart T.1
Affiliation:
1. Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases 2. University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California 95616 3. Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development, Department of Veterinary Services, Kabete, Kenya 4. Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road MS G-14, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus historically has caused widespread and extensive outbreaks of severe human and livestock disease throughout Africa, Madagascar, and the Arabian Peninsula. Following unusually heavy rainfall during the late autumn of 2006, reports of human and animal illness consistent with RVF virus infection emerged across semiarid regions of the Garissa District of northeastern Kenya and southern Somalia. Following initial RVF virus laboratory confirmation, a high-throughput RVF diagnostic facility was established at the Kenyan Central Veterinary Laboratories in Kabete, Kenya, to support the real-time identification of infected livestock and to facilitate outbreak response and control activities. A total of 3,250 specimens from a variety of animal species, including domesticated livestock (cattle, sheep, goats, and camels) and wildlife collected from a total of 55 of 71 Kenyan administrative districts, were tested by molecular and serologic assays. Evidence of RVF infection was found in 9.2% of animals tested and across 23 districts of Kenya, reflecting the large number of affected livestock and the geographic extent of the outbreak. The complete S, M, and/or L genome segment sequence was obtained from a total of 31 RVF virus specimens spanning the entire known outbreak period (December-May) and geographic areas affected by RVF virus activity. Extensive genomic analyses demonstrated the concurrent circulation of multiple virus lineages, gene segment reassortment, and the common ancestry of the 2006/2007 outbreak viruses with those from the 1997-1998 east African RVF outbreak. Evidence of recent increases in genomic diversity and effective population size 2 to 4 years prior to the 2006-2007 outbreak also was found, indicating ongoing RVF virus activity and evolution during the interepizootic/epidemic period. These findings have implications for further studies of basic RVF virus ecology and the design of future surveillance/diagnostic activities, and they highlight the critical need for safe and effective vaccines and antiviral compounds to combat this significant veterinary and public health threat.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Virology,Insect Science,Immunology,Microbiology
Reference61 articles.
1. Anonymous. 2007. Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever in Kenya, Somalia and United Republic of Tanzania, December 2006-April 2007. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec.82:169-178. 2. Anyamba, A., J. P. Chretien, J. Small, C. J. Tucker, and K. J. Linthicum. 2006. Developing global climate anomalies suggest potential disease risks for 2006-2007. Int. J. Health Geogr.5:60. 3. Beaty, B. J., E. J. Rozhon, P. Gensemer, and D. H. Bishop. 1981. Formation of reassortant bunyaviruses in dually infected mosquitoes. Virology111:662-665. 4. Bird, B. H., C. G. Albarino, and S. T. Nichol. 2007. Rift Valley fever virus lacking NSm proteins retains high virulence in vivo and may provide a model of human delayed onset neurologic disease. Virology362:10-15. 5. Highly Sensitive and Broadly Reactive Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay for High-Throughput Detection of Rift Valley Fever Virus
Cited by
108 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献
|
|