Affiliation:
1. Departments of Virology1 and
2. Neurology2 and
3. Department of Biostatistics,3 City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Gender influences the incidence and severity of some bacterial and viral infections and autoimmune diseases in animal models and humans. To determine a gender-based difference, comparisons were made between male and female mice inoculated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by the corneal route. Mortality was higher in the male mice of the three strains tested: 129/Sv//Ev wild type, gamma interferon (IFN-γ) knockout (GKO), and IFN-γ receptor knockout (RGKO). Similarly, in vivo HSV-1 reactivation occurred more commonly in male mice, but the male-female difference in reactivation was restricted to the two knockout strains and was not seen in the 129/Sv//Ev control. Comparison among male mice of the three strains showed a higher mortality of the RGKO mice and a higher reactivation rate of the GKO and RGKO mice than of the 129/Sv//Ev males. In contrast, female RGKO and GKO mice did not differ from female 129/Sv//Ev controls in either mortality or reactivation. HSV-1 periocular and eyelid disease was also more severe in male and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated female mice than in control female mice. These results show a consistent gender difference in HSV-1 infection, with a worse outcome in male mice. In addition, the results comparing GKO and RGKO mice to controls show differences only in male mice, suggesting that some effects of IFN-γ, a key immunoregulatory molecule, are gender specific.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Virology,Insect Science,Immunology,Microbiology
Cited by
79 articles.
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