An infant mouse model of influenza-driven nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae colonization and acute otitis media suitable for preclinical testing of novel therapies

Author:

Landwehr Katherine R.123ORCID,Granland Caitlyn M.1,Martinovich Kelly M.14,Scott Naomi M.1ORCID,Seppanen Elke J.1,Berry Luke3,Strickland Deborah34,Fulurija Alma14,Richmond Peter C.156,Kirkham Lea-Ann S.14ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia

2. School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia

3. Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia

4. Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

5. Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

6. Department of Immunology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth, Australia

Abstract

ABSTRACT Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a major otitis media (OM) pathogen, with colonization a prerequisite for disease development. Most acute OM is in children <5 years old, with recurrent and chronic OM impacting hearing and learning. Therapies to prevent NTHi colonization and/or disease are needed, especially for young children. Respiratory viruses are implicated in driving the development of bacterial OM in children. We have developed an infant mouse model of influenza-driven NTHi OM, as a preclinical tool for the evaluation of safety and efficacy of clinical therapies to prevent NTHi colonization and the development of OM. In this model, 100% of infant BALB/cARC mice were colonized with NTHi, and all developed NTHi OM. Influenza A virus (IAV) facilitated the establishment of dense (1 × 10 5 CFU/mL) and long-lasting (6 days) NTHi colonization. IAV was essential for the development of NTHi OM, with 100% of mice in the IAV/NTHi group developing NTHi OM compared with 8% of mice in the NTHi only group. Histological analysis and cytokine measurements revealed that the inflammation observed in the middle ear of the infant mice with OM reflected inflammation observed in children with OM. We have developed the first infant mouse model of NTHi colonization and OM. This ascension model uses influenza-driven establishment of OM and reflects the clinical pathology of bacterial OM developing after a respiratory virus infection. This model provides a valuable tool for testing therapies to prevent or treat NTHi colonization and disease in young children.

Funder

Western Australian Child Health Research Fund

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

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