Author:
Reddy B. K. Kishore,Landge Sudhir,Ravishankar Sudha,Patil Vikas,Shinde Vikas,Tantry Subramanyam,Kale Manoj,Raichurkar Anandkumar,Menasinakai Sreenivasaiah,Mudugal Naina Vinay,Ambady Anisha,Ghosh Anirban,Tunduguru Ragadeepthi,Kaur Parvinder,Singh Ragini,Kumar Naveen,Bharath Sowmya,Sundaram Aishwarya,Bhat Jyothi,Sambandamurthy Vasan K.,Björkelid Christofer,Jones T. Alwyn,Das Kaveri,Bandodkar Balachandra,Malolanarasimhan Krishnan,Mukherjee Kakoli,Ramachandran Vasanthi
Abstract
ABSTRACTPantothenate kinase (PanK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of pantothenate, the first committed and rate-limiting step toward coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis. In our earlier reports, we had established that the type I isoform encoded by thecoaAgene is an essential pantothenate kinase inMycobacterium tuberculosis, and this vital information was then exploited to screen large libraries for identification of mechanistically different classes of PanK inhibitors. The present report summarizes the synthesis and expansion efforts to understand the structure-activity relationships leading to the optimization of enzyme inhibition along with antimycobacterial activity. Additionally, we report the progression of two distinct classes of inhibitors, the triazoles, which are ATP competitors, and the biaryl acetic acids, with a mixed mode of inhibition. Cocrystallization studies provided evidence of these inhibitors binding to the enzyme. This was further substantiated with the biaryl acids having MIC against the wild-typeM. tuberculosisstrain and the subsequent establishment of a target link with an upshift in MIC in a strain overexpressing PanK. On the other hand, the ATP competitors had cellular activity only in aM. tuberculosisknockdown strain with reduced PanK expression levels. Additionally,in vitroandin vivosurvival kinetic studies performed with aM. tuberculosisPanK (MtPanK) knockdown strain indicated that the target levels have to be significantly reduced to bring in growth inhibition. The dual approaches employed here thus established the poor vulnerability of PanK inM. tuberculosis.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Pharmacology (medical),Pharmacology
Cited by
24 articles.
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