Induction of a Cross-Reactive CD8 + T Cell Response following Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Vaccination

Abstract

ABSTRACT Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious infection in cloven-hoofed animals. Current inactivated FMDV vaccines generate short-term, serotype-specific protection, mainly through neutralizing antibody. An improved understanding of the mechanisms of protective immunity would aid design of more effective vaccines. We have previously reported the presence of virus-specific CD8 + T cells in FMDV-vaccinated and -infected cattle. In the current study, we aimed to identify CD8 + T cell epitopes in FMDV recognized by cattle vaccinated with inactivated FMDV serotype O. Analysis of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing CD8 + T cells responding to stimulation with FMDV-derived peptides revealed one putative CD8 + T cell epitope present within the structural protein P1D, comprising residues 795 to 803 of FMDV serotype O UKG/2001. The restricting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I allele was N*02201, expressed by the A31 haplotype. This epitope induced IFN-γ release, proliferation, and target cell killing by αβ CD8 + T cells, but not CD4 + T cells. A protein alignment of representative samples from each of the 7 FMDV serotypes showed that the putative epitope is highly conserved. CD8 + T cells from FMDV serotype O-vaccinated A31 + cattle recognized antigen-presenting cells (APCs) loaded with peptides derived from all 7 FMDV serotypes, suggesting that CD8 + T cells recognizing the defined epitope are cross-reactive to equivalent peptides derived from all of the other FMDV serotypes.