Affiliation:
1. School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Marine Biofouling and Bio-innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Pseudalteromonas tunicata
and
Roseobacter gallaeciensis
are biofilm-forming marine bacteria that are often found in association with the surface of the green alga
Ulva australis
. They are thought to benefit the plant host by producing inhibitory compounds that are active against common fouling organisms. We investigated factors that influence the ability of
P. tunicata
and
R. gallaeciensis
to attach to and colonize the plant surface and also the competitive interactions that occur between these organisms and other isolates from
U. australis
during biofilm formation on the plant surface. A surprisingly high number of
P. tunicata
cells, at least 10
8
cells ml
−1
, were required for colonization and establishment of a population of cells that persists on axenic surfaces of
U. australis
. Factors that enhanced colonization of
P. tunicata
included inoculation in the dark and pregrowth of inocula in medium containing cellobiose as the sole carbon source (cellulose is a major surface polymer of
U. australis
). It was also found that
P. tunicata
requires the presence of a mixed microbial community to colonize effectively. In contrast,
R. gallaeciensis
effectively colonized the plant surface under all conditions tested. Studies of competitive interactions on the plant surface revealed that
P. tunicata
was numerically dominant compared with all other bacterial isolates tested (except
R. gallaeciensis
), and this dominance was linked to production of the antibacterial protein AlpP. Generally,
P. tunicata
was able to coexist with competing strains, and each strain existed as microcolonies in spatially segregated regions of the plant.
R. gallaeciensis
was numerically dominant compared with all strains tested and was able to invade and disperse preestablished biofilms. This study highlighted the fact that microbial colonization of
U. australis
surfaces is a dynamic process and demonstrated the differences in colonization strategies exhibited by the epiphytic bacteria
P. tunicata
and
R. gallaeciensis
.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology
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