Structural Requirements of Guanide, Biguanide, and Bisbiguanide Agents for Antiplaque Activity

Author:

Tanzer J. M.1,Slee A. M.1,Kamay B. A.1

Affiliation:

1. University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06032

Abstract

The bactericidal efficacy of 16 guanide, biguanide, and bisbiguanide agents was studied in vitro against intact preformed plaques of four oral (plaque-forming) microorganisms: Streptococcus mutans, S. sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus , and A. naeslundii . The activities of these agents were examined in relation to their molecular configurations. These studies indicated that the bis- and biguanide configurations are important for efficacy, as is the length of the alkyl side chain. No structural moiety determined efficacy by itself. Furthermore, the activities of these agents were studied to determine the minimal conditions (concentration, duration, and frequency) of treatment required for likely clinical efficacy. At least six agents were judged to have equal or greater efficacy than the reference agent, chlorhexidine digluconate. A plaque bactericidal index was derived for the most potent agents, and comparison to the bactericidal properties of chlorhexidine was expressed as a chlorhexidine coefficient.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Pharmacology (medical),Pharmacology

Reference46 articles.

1. Dental plaque reduction with an antibacterial mouthrinse, part I;Barnes G. P.;Oral Surg.,1972

2. Bowden G. H. and J. C. Hardie. 1973. Commensal and pathogenic Actinomyces species in man p. 277-299. In G. Sykes and F. A. Skinner (ed.) Actinomycetes: characteristics and practical importance. Academic Press Inc. New York.

3. Presence of various types of nonhaemolytic streptococci in dental plaque and in other sites of the oral cavity in man;Carlsson J.;Odontol. RBevy,1967

4. The mode of action of chlorhexidine;Davies A.;J. Periodontal Res.,1973

5. The relationship between the extracellular polysaccharide-producing streptococci and smooth surface caries in 13-year old children;deStoppelaar J. D.;Caries Res.,1969

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