Affiliation:
1. Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), INRA UMR1416, INSERM U1220, Université de Toulouse, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, FRANCE
Abstract
While the DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation and by many chemical compounds and drugs is well characterized, the genotoxic insults inflicted by bacteria are only scarcely documented. However, accumulating evidence indicates that we are exposed to bacterial genotoxins. The prototypes of such bacterial genotoxins are the Cytolethal Distending Toxins (CDTs) produced by
Escherichia coli
and
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhi. CDTs display the DNase structure fold and activity, and induce DNA strand breaks in the intoxicated host cell nuclei.
E. coli
and certain other
Enterobacteriaceae
species synthesize another genotoxin, colibactin. Colibactin is a secondary metabolite, a hybrid polyketide/nonribosomal peptide compound synthesized by a complex biosynthetic machinery. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on CDT and colibactin produced by
E. coli
and/or
Salmonella
Typhi. We describe their prevalence, genetic determinants, modes of action, and impact in infectious diseases or gut colonization, and discuss the possible involvement of these genotoxigenic bacteria in cancer.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Cited by
81 articles.
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