Multiple Lateral Transfers of Dissimilatory Sulfite Reductase Genes between Major Lineages of Sulfate-Reducing Prokaryotes

Author:

Klein Michael1,Friedrich Michael2,Roger Andrew J.3,Hugenholtz Philip4,Fishbain Susan5,Abicht Heike1,Blackall Linda L.4,Stahl David A.6,Wagner Michael1

Affiliation:

1. Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, D-85350 Freising,1 and

2. Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043-Marburg,2 Germany;

3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4H7, Canada3;

4. Advanced Wastewater Management Centre, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia4;

5. Department of Civil Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-31095; and

6. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-27006

Abstract

ABSTRACT A large fragment of the dissimilatory sulfite reductase genes ( dsrAB ) was PCR amplified and fully sequenced from 30 reference strains representing all recognized lineages of sulfate-reducing bacteria. In addition, the sequence of the dsrAB gene homologs of the sulfite reducer Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans was determined. In contrast to previous reports, comparative analysis of all available DsrAB sequences produced a tree topology partially inconsistent with the corresponding 16S rRNA phylogeny. For example, the DsrAB sequences of several Desulfotomaculum species (low G+C gram-positive division) and two members of the genus Thermodesulfobacterium (a separate bacterial division) were monophyletic with δ-proteobacterial DsrAB sequences. The most parsimonious interpretation of these data is that dsrAB genes from ancestors of as-yet-unrecognized sulfate reducers within the δ- Proteobacteria were laterally transferred across divisions. A number of insertions and deletions in the DsrAB alignment independently support these inferred lateral acquisitions of dsrAB genes. Evidence for a dsrAB lateral gene transfer event also was found within the δ- Proteobacteria, affecting Desulfobacula toluolica . The root of the dsr tree was inferred to be within the Thermodesulfovibrio lineage by paralogous rooting of the alpha and beta subunits. This rooting suggests that the dsrAB genes in Archaeoglobus species also are the result of an ancient lateral transfer from a bacterial donor. Although these findings complicate the use of dsrAB genes to infer phylogenetic relationships among sulfate reducers in molecular diversity studies, they establish a framework to resolve the origins and diversification of this ancient respiratory lifestyle among organisms mediating a key step in the biogeochemical cycling of sulfur.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Molecular Biology,Microbiology

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