Affiliation:
1. Department of Pathogen biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
2. School of Public Health and Laboratory Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
3. International Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
4. Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
T1 is an isolated probiotic lactic acid bacterium (LAB) from pickled vegetables in Chongqing, China. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity and the underlying mechanisms of
L. plantarum
T1 cell-free supernatant (CFS) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW264.7 macrophages
in vitro
. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), immunofluorescence, Griess methods, and western blotting were utilized to assess the anti-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidative effect of
L. plantarum
T1 CFS. Our results showed that
L. plantarum
T1 CFS pretreatment significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, including nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)−1β, and IL-6, as well as reactive oxygen species. Interestingly,
L. plantarum
T1 CFS unregulated the antioxidant indicators, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore,
L. plantarum
T1 CFS activated the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. This study showed the excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of
L. plantarum
T1 through multiple pathways, highlighting its potential for further research and application as a probiotic strain.
IMPORTANCE
L. plantarum
T1 stood out in a series of acid and bile salt tolerance and bacterial inhibition tests as a probiotic isolated from paocai, which provides many health benefits to the host by inhibiting the growth of harmful pathogenic microorganisms and suppressing excessive levels of oxidative stress and inflammation. Not all LAB have good probiotic functions and are used in various applications. The anti-inflammatory antioxidant potential and mechanisms of
L. plantarum
T1 CFS have not been described and reported. By using RT-qPCR, Griess method, and western blotting, we showed that
L. plantarum
T1 CFS had anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Griess assay, TBA assay, WST-8 assay, immunofluorescence assay, RT-qPCR, and western blotting data revealed that its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms were associated with oxidative stress and NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of
L. plantarum
T1 CFS in paocai generates opportunities for probiotic product development.
Funder
Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing
Education Teaching Reform Research Project of Chongqing
Education Teaching Research Project of Chongqing Medical University
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology