Affiliation:
1. HIV and Retrovirology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention
2. Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate potential mechanisms of
Trichomonas vaginalis
involvement in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission. Polarized monolayer integrity of primary cervical and prostate epithelial cells or cell lines cultured with
T. vaginalis
was measured by monitoring transepithelium resistance. The effect of
T. vaginalis
isolates on HIV-1 passage through polarized epithelial cell monolayers was evaluated for HIV-1 p24
gag
in the basolateral supernatants. Coincubation with
T. vaginalis
isolates induced disruption of monolayer integrity and resulted in passage of virus to the basolateral side of the monolayer. Furthermore, there was isolate variability in which two isolates induced greater monolayer damage and increased HIV-1 passage than did the other two isolates. Coincubation of
T. vaginalis
isolates with acutely HIV-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells enhanced HIV-1 replication. This enhancement was associated with cellular proliferation and activation, as well as with tumor necrosis factor alpha production. In contrast to the monolayer disruption, the effect of
T. vaginalis
on HIV-1 replication was not isolate dependent. Thus, two mechanisms have been identified that could contribute to the epidemiologic association of trichomoniasis with the sexual transmission of HIV-1. (i)
T. vaginalis
disruption of urogenital epithelial monolayers could facilitate passage of HIV-1 to underlying layers. (ii) Activation of local immune cells by
T. vaginalis
in the presence of infectious HIV-1 might lead to increased viral replication. Collectively, these data suggest the need for more vigilant efforts in the diagnosis and treatment of
T. vaginalis
in women and men, especially in countries with a high prevalence of HIV-1.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Immunology,Microbiology,Parasitology
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