Assessment of an Oral Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine and an Inactivated M. bovis Preparation for Wild Boar in Terms of Adverse Reactions, Vaccine Strain Survival, and Uptake by Nontarget Species

Author:

Beltrán-Beck Beatriz,Romero Beatriz,Sevilla Iker A.,Barasona Jose A.,Garrido Joseba M.,González-Barrio David,Díez-Delgado Iratxe,Minguijón Esmeralda,Casal Carmen,Vicente Joaquín,Gortázar Christian,Aranaz Alicia

Abstract

ABSTRACTWildlife vaccination is increasingly being considered as an option for tuberculosis control. We combined data from laboratory trials and an ongoing field trial to assess the risk of an oralMycobacterium bovisBCG vaccine and a prototype heat-inactivatedMycobacterium bovispreparation for Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa). We studied adverse reactions, BCG survival, BCG excretion, and bait uptake by nontarget species. No adverse reactions were observed after administration of BCG (n= 27) or inactivatedM. bovis(n= 21). BCG was not found at necropsy (175 to 300 days postvaccination [n= 27]). No BCG excretion was detected in fecal samples (n= 162) or in urine or nasal, oral, or fecal swab samples at 258 days postvaccination (n= 29). In the field, we found no evidence of loss of BCG viability in baits collected after 36 h (temperature range, 11°C to 41°C). Camera trapping showed that wild boar (39%) and birds (56%) were the most frequent visitors to bait stations (selective feeders). Wild boar activity patterns were nocturnal, while diurnal activities were recorded for all bird species. We found large proportions of chewed capsules (29%) (likely ingestion of the vaccine) and lost baits (39%) (presumably consumed), and the proportion of chewed capsules showed a positive correlation with the presence of wild boar. Both results suggest proper bait consumption (68%). These results indicate that BCG vaccination in wild boar is safe and that, while bait consumption by other species is possible, this can be minimized by using selective cages and strict timing of bait deployment.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Microbiology (medical),Clinical Biochemistry,Immunology,Immunology and Allergy

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