Herpes Simplex Virus and Varicella-Zoster Virus

Author:

Levin Myron J.1,Weinberg Adriana2,Schmid D. Scott3

Affiliation:

1. Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045

2. Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine and Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045

3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Herpesvirus Team, NCID/DVD/MMRHLB, Atlanta, GA 30333

Abstract

ABSTRACT The most common specimens from immunocompromised patients that are analyzed for detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) or varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are from skin lesions. Many types of assays are applicable to these samples, but some, such as virus isolation and direct fluorescent antibody testing, are useful only in the early phases of the lesions. In contrast, nucleic acid (NA) detection methods, which generally have superior sensitivity and specificity, can be applied to skin lesions at any stage of progression. NA methods are also the best choice, and sometimes the only choice, for detecting HSV or VZV in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous or vitreous humor, and from mucosal surfaces. NA methods provide the best performance when reliability and speed (within 24 hours) are considered together. They readily distinguish the type of HSV detected or the source of VZV detected (wild type or vaccine strain). Nucleic acid detection methods are constantly being improved with respect to speed and ease of performance. Broader applications are under study, such as the use of quantitative results of viral load for prognosis and to assess the efficacy of antiviral therapy.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Cell Biology,Microbiology (medical),Genetics,General Immunology and Microbiology,Ecology,Physiology

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