Immune Imprinting Drives Human Norovirus Potential for Global Spread

Author:

Lindesmith Lisa C.1ORCID,Boshier Florencia A. T.2,Brewer-Jensen Paul D.1,Roy Sunando2,Costantini Veronica3,Mallory Michael L.1,Zweigart Mark1,May Samantha R.1,Conrad Helen1,O’Reilly Kathleen M.4,Kelly Daniel5,Celma Cristina C.6,Beard Stuart6,Williams Rachel27,Tutill Helena J.7,Becker Dreps Sylvia18,Bucardo Filemón9,Allen David J.5ORCID,Vinjé Jan3,Goldstein Richard A.10ORCID,Breuer Judith211,Baric Ralph S.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

2. Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

3. Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

4. Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

5. Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

6. Enteric Virus Unit, The Virus Reference Department, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom

7. Department of Genetics & Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

8. Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

9. Department of Microbiology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, León, Nicaragua

10. Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom

11. Department of Microbiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Abstract

In our model, preepidemic human norovirus variants harbor genetic diversification that translates into novel antigenic features without compromising viral fitness. Through surveillance, we identified two viruses fitting this profile, forming long branches on a phylogenetic tree.

Funder

HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Wellcome Trust

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Virology,Microbiology

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