Affiliation:
1. Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
2. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
3. UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
4. Unidad de Resistencia a Antibióticos y Virulencia Bacteriana asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This work describes the diversity and evolution of Tn
5801
among enterococci, staphylococci, and streptococci based on analysis of the 5,073 genomes of these bacterial groups available in gene databases. We also examined 610 isolates of
Enterococcus
(from 10 countries, 1987 to 2010) for the presence of this and other known CTn-
tet
(M) elements due to the scarcity of data about Tn
5801
among enterococci. Genome location (by I
Ceu
-I–pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE] hybridization/integration site identification), conjugation and fitness (by standard methods), Tn
5801
characterization (by long-PCR mapping/sequencing), and clonality (by PFGE/multilocus sequence typing [MLST]) were studied. Twenty-three Tn
5801
variants (17 unpublished) clustered in two groups, designated “A” (25 kb;
n
= 14; predominant in
Staphylococcus aureus
) and “B” (20 kb;
n
= 9; predominant in
Streptococcus agalactiae
). The percent GC content of the common backbone suggests a streptococcal origin of Tn
5801
group B, with further acquisition of a 5-kb fragment that resulted in group A. Deep sequence analysis allowed identification of variants associated with clonal lineages of
S. aureus
(clonal complex 8 [CC8], sequence type 239 [ST239]),
S. agalactiae
(CC17),
Enterococcus faecium
(ST17/ST18), or
Enterococcus faecalis
(ST8), local variants, or variants located in different species and geographical areas. All Tn
5801
elements were chromosomally located upstream of the
guaA
gene, which serves as an integration hot spot. Transferability was demonstrated only for Tn
5801
type B among
E. faecalis
clonal backgrounds, which eventually harbored another Tn
5801
copy. The study documents early acquisition of Tn
5801
by
Enterococcus
,
Staphylococcus
, and
Streptococcus
. Clonal waves of these pathogens seem to have contributed to the geographical spread and local evolution of the transposon. Horizontal transfer, also demonstrated, could explain the variability observed, with the isolates often containing sequences of different origins.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Pharmacology (medical),Pharmacology
Cited by
41 articles.
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