New Insights into Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Proviral Load of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Types 1 and 2 in Pregnant Women in Gabon in Equatorial Central Africa
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Published:2008-11
Issue:11
Volume:46
Page:3607-3614
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ISSN:0095-1137
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Container-title:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
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language:en
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Short-container-title:J Clin Microbiol
Author:
Etenna Sonia Lekana-Douki1, Caron Mélanie1, Besson Guillaume1, Makuwa Maria1, Gessain Antoine2, Mahé Antoine34, Kazanji Mirdad145
Affiliation:
1. Unité de Rétrovirologie, Centre International de Recherches Médicales, BP 769, Franceville, Gabon 2. Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France 3. Programme National de Lutte contre le Sida, Libreville, Gabon 4. Service de Coopération et d'Action Culturelle, French Embassy, BP 2105, Libreville, Gabon 5. Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is highly endemic in areas of central Africa; mother-to-child transmission and sexual transmission are considered to be the predominant routes. To determine the prevalence and subtypes of HTLV-1/2 in pregnant women in Gabon, we conducted an epidemiological survey in the five main cities of the country. In 907 samples, the HTLV-1 seroprevalence was 2.1%, which is lower than that previously reported. Only one case of HTLV-2 infection was found. The HTLV-1 seroprevalence increased with age and differed between regions (
P
≤ 0.05), with the highest prevalence (5%) in the southeastern region. A wide range of HTLV-1 proviral loads was observed among the infected women. The level of the proviral load was correlated with a high HTLV-1 antibody titer (
P
≤ 0.02). Sequencing of HTLV-1
env
and long terminal repeat fragments showed that all but one strain belonged to the central African subtype B; the outlier was of cosmopolitan subtype A. The new strains of subtype B exhibited wide genetic diversity, but there was no evidence of clustering of specific genomes within geographical regions of the country. Some strains were closely related to simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 strains of great apes, suggesting that in these areas some HTLV-1 strains could arise from relatively recent interspecies transmission. The sole HTLV-2 strain belonged to subtype B. In this study we showed that the prevalence of HTLV-1 in the southeast is one of the highest in the world for pregnant women.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Microbiology (medical)
Reference59 articles.
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