Identification of a Mouse Homolog of the Human BTEB2 Transcription Factor as a β-Catenin-Independent Wnt-1-Responsive Gene

Abstract

ABSTRACT The Wnt/Wg signaling pathway functions during development to regulate cell fate determination and patterning in various organisms. Two pathways are reported to lie downstream of Wnt signaling in vertebrates. The canonical pathway relies on the activation of target genes through the β-catenin–Lef/TCF complex, while the noncanonical pathway employs the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and increases in intracellular calcium to induce target gene expression. cDNA subtractive hybridization between a cell line that overexpresses Wnt-1 (C57MG/Wnt-1) and the parental cell line (C57MG) was performed to identify downstream target genes of Wnt-1 signaling. Among the putative Wnt-1 target genes, we have identified a mouse homolog of the gene encoding human transcription factor basic transcription element binding protein 2 ( mBTEB2 ). The mBTEB2 transcript is found at high levels in mammary tissue taken from a transgenic mouse overexpressing Wnt-1 (both tissue prior to active proliferation and tumor tissue) but is barely detectable in wild-type mouse mammary glands. The regulation of mBTEB2 by Wnt-1 signaling in tissue culture occurs through a β-catenin–Lef/TCF-independent mechanism, as it is instead partially regulated by PKC. The Wnt-1-induced, PKC-dependent activation of mouse BTEB2 in C57MG cells, as well as the ability of Wnt-1 to stabilize β-catenin in these cells, is consistent with the hypothesis that both the noncanonical and canonical Wnt pathways are activated concomitantly in the same cell. These results suggest that mBTEB2 is a biologically relevant target of Wnt-1 signaling that is activated through a β-catenin-independent, PKC-sensitive pathway in response to Wnt-1.