Comparative efficacy and safety of cefprozil (BMY-28100) and cefaclor in the treatment of acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis

Abstract

Cefprozil (BMY-28100) is a semisynthetic cephalosporin with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and prolonged serum elimination half-life allowing for once-a-day oral administration. In vitro, cefprozil demonstrates excellent activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Cefprozil (500 mg once daily) was compared to cefaclor (250 mg three times daily) in an open, randomized, comparative trial for the treatment of acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. Ninety-four patients were enrolled in this study; 53 patients were evaluable for clinical and bacteriological response assessment. Seventy-eight patients were evaluable for safety assessment. Three patients (all in the cefprozil treatment group) required disenrollment because of side effects, mainly nausea. Clinical and bacteriological responses were comparable for both study drugs. Leukopenia and nausea, the most common side effects observed, were more common in the cefprozil-treated group. Cefprozil appears to be an appropriate alternative to cefaclor for the treatment of acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. However, because of the small number of patients eligible for efficacy assessment, a large type II (beta) error was expected in our study, which may have resulted in a potential failure to detect a difference between both treatment groups. A larger study would be required to determine the proper role of cefprozil in the treatment of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections.