Chromoblastomycosis

Author:

Queiroz-Telles Flavio1ORCID,de Hoog Sybren2,Santos Daniel Wagner C. L.3,Salgado Claudio Guedes4,Vicente Vania Aparecida5,Bonifaz Alexandro6,Roilides Emmanuel7,Xi Liyan8,Azevedo Conceição de Maria Pedrozo e Silva9,da Silva Moises Batista10,Pana Zoe Dorothea7,Colombo Arnaldo Lopes11,Walsh Thomas J.12

Affiliation:

1. Department of Public Health, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

2. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands

3. Special Mycology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

4. Dermato-Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Marituba, Pará, Brazil

5. Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

6. Dermatology Service and Mycology Department, Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico

7. Infectious Diseases Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

8. Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

9. Department of Medicine, Federal University of Maranhão, Vila Bacanga, Maranhão, Brazil

10. Dermato-Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Pará Federal University, Marituba, Pará, Brazil

11. Division of Infectious Diseases, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

12. Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA

Abstract

SUMMARY Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), also known as chromomycosis, is one of the most prevalent implantation fungal infections, being the most common of the gamut of mycoses caused by melanized or brown-pigmented fungi. CBM is mainly a tropical or subtropical disease that may affect individuals with certain risk factors around the world. The following characteristics are associated with this disease: (i) traumatic inoculation by implantation from an environmental source, leading to an initial cutaneous lesion at the inoculation site; (ii) chronic and progressive cutaneous and subcutaneous tissular involvement associated with fibrotic and granulomatous reactions associated with microabscesses and often with tissue proliferation; (iii) a nonprotective T helper type 2 (Th2) immune response with ineffective humoral involvement; and (iv) the presence of muriform (sclerotic) cells embedded in the affected tissue. CBM lesions are clinically polymorphic and are commonly misdiagnosed as various other infectious and noninfectious diseases. In its more severe clinical forms, CBM may cause an incapacity for labor due to fibrotic sequelae and also due to a series of clinical complications, and if not recognized at an early stage, this disease can be refractory to antifungal therapy.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,General Immunology and Microbiology,Epidemiology

Reference319 articles.

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5. Subcutaneous Fungal Infections

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